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״נפוליאון הפסיד את האימפריה משום שבלבל מטרות עם יכולות. לינקולן הציל את האימפריה כיוון שלא בלבל מטרות עם יכולות...״

מהי אסטרטגיית על?

זהו מצב שבו מתקיימת הלימה בין השאיפות של מדינה ושל שליט – שאיפות שעשויות להיות בלתי מוגבלות - לבין היכולות שלהם, שהן בהכרח מוגבלות.

האם אפשר ללמוד כיצד לעצב אסטרטגיית על?

זה בדיוק מה שג׳ון לואיס גדיס מנסה לעשות, בדרכו המיוחדת, ובסיוע של חברים כמו תוקידידס, טולסטוי, אוגוסטינוס, פון קלאוזביץ׳, סון דזה, מקיאוולי וישעיהו ברלין. גדיס, במסע חוצה דורות, יבשות, ניצחונות ומפלות, חושף קשרי גומלין מורכבים ומופלאים שמובילים הנהגות ואומות להכרעה או לתבוסה.

מי זקוק לאסטרטגיית על?

החיים הפוליטיים, מזכיר גדיס, בהשארתו של הפילוסוף ברלין, מחייבים הסתגלות לסתירות. לכך התכוון הגנרל קלאוזביץ כשקבע שהמלחמה היא מעשה של מדיניות. לכך חתר הקדוש אוגוסטינוס, כשביקש לעשות את המלחמות צודקות. בזה הודה גם האסטרטג סון דזה: אדם כועס אולי ישוב להיות מאושר, אבל אי-אפשר לחזור ולהקים מדינה שנכחדה.

נו, אז מי באמת זקוק לאסטרטגיית על?

נדמה שהשאלה הזאת נעשתה כמעט מיותרת. בעולם בכלל, ובישראל בפרט.

שמואל רוזנר

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