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המניפסט הקומוניסטי ראה אור בלונדון, ב-1848, בשפה הגרמנית. חיברו אותו קרל מרקס ופרידריך אנגלס, שני צעירים בסוף שנות העשרים לחייהם. בחיבורם סיפקו השניים ניתוח מהפכני של החברה והכלכלה ובחנו כיצד הבעלות והקניין מעצבים את יחסי הכוחות החברתיים. הם הגדירו את שני הכוחות הגדולים הנאבקים זה בזה – הבורגנות ומעמד הפועלים – וקראו לשינוי מאזן הכוחות ביניהם. כך הפך הטקסט העיוני לכלי אקטיביסטי שבסופו קריאה לפעולה: פועלי כל הארצות, התאחדו!

המניפסט הקומוניסטי הוא טקסט מכונן, חי ושוצף, והשפעתו על מהלך ההיסטוריה האנושית הייתה עצומה. זהו חיבור נבואי במידה רבה, הרלוונטי גם לימינו אלה, בין השאר בכל מה שקשור להבנת הקפיטליזם השולט בחיינו, זכויות עובדים, הצריכה המואצת ומשבר האקלים.

מאז פרסומו תורגם המניפסט לשפות רבות, ובכללן עברית. במהדורה מחודשת זו הוא מובא לאחר עריכה עכשווית ומעודכנת לתרגומו של מנחם דורמן. כמו כן, מובא בסוף הספר מאמר מקיף מאת פרופ' דני גוטוויין, "הדרך אל המניפסט", המתאר את האקלים הפוליטי שמתוכו צמח המניפסט הקומוניסטי.

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